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the words began to run into each other before my eyes

  • 1 run

    run [rʌn]
    course ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) excursion ⇒ 1 (c) trajet ⇒ 1 (e) vol ⇒ 1 (f) série ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (k) tendance ⇒ 1 (l) ruée ⇒ 1 (m) diriger ⇒ 2 (a) organiser ⇒ 2 (b) (faire) marcher ⇒ 2 (c), 3 (k) courir ⇒ 2 (e), 3 (a), 3 (b) transporter ⇒ 2 (i) conduire ⇒ 2 (k) (faire) passer ⇒ 2 (l), 2 (m), 3 (d) se sauver ⇒ 3 (c) couler ⇒ 3 (h), 3 (i) fondre ⇒ 3 (i) circuler ⇒ 3 (l) durer ⇒ 3 (m) être à l'affiche ⇒ 3 (n) (se) présenter ⇒ 2 (q), 3 (r)
    (pt ran [ræn], pp run, cont running)
    1 noun
    (a) (action) course f;
    ∎ he took a short run and cleared the gate après un court élan il a franchi la barrière;
    ∎ at a run en courant;
    ∎ to go for a run aller faire du jogging;
    ∎ to go for a 5-mile run ≃ courir 8 kilomètres;
    ∎ I took the dog for a run in the park j'ai emmené le chien courir dans le parc;
    ∎ two policemen arrived at a run deux policiers sont arrivés au pas de course;
    ∎ to break into a run se mettre à courir;
    ∎ to make a run for it prendre la fuite, se sauver;
    ∎ the murderer is on the run le meurtrier est en cavale;
    ∎ she was on the run from her creditors/the police elle essayait d'échapper à ses créanciers/à la police;
    ∎ we've got them on the run! nous les avons mis en déroute!;
    ∎ figurative we have the run of the house while the owners are away nous disposons de toute la maison pendant l'absence des propriétaires;
    ∎ we give the au pair the run of the place nous laissons à la jeune fille au pair la libre disposition de la maison;
    ∎ you've had a good run (for your money), it's time to step down tu en as bien profité, maintenant il faut laisser la place à un autre;
    ∎ they gave the Russian team a good run for their money ils ont donné du fil à retordre à l'équipe soviétique;
    ∎ familiar to have the runs (diarrhoea) avoir la courante
    (b) (race) course f;
    ∎ a charity run une course de charité
    (c) (drive) excursion f, promenade f;
    ∎ we went for a run down to the coast nous sommes allés nous promener au bord de la mer;
    ∎ she took me for a run in her new car elle m'a emmené faire un tour dans sa nouvelle voiture;
    ∎ humorous shall I make or do a beer run? je vais chercher de la bière?;
    ∎ I do the school run in the morning c'est moi qui emmène les enfants à l'école tous les matins
    (d) (for smuggling) passage m;
    ∎ the gang used to make runs across the border le gang passait régulièrement la frontière
    (e) (route, itinerary) trajet m, parcours m;
    ∎ the buses on the London to Glasgow run les cars qui font le trajet ou qui assurent le service Londres-Glasgow;
    ∎ he used to do the London (to) Glasgow run (pilot, bus or train driver) il faisait la ligne Londres-Glasgow;
    ∎ it's only a short run into town le trajet jusqu'au centre-ville n'est pas long;
    ∎ there was very little traffic on the run down nous avons rencontré très peu de circulation
    (f) Aviation (flight) vol m, mission f;
    ∎ bombing run mission f de bombardement
    (g) Sport (in cricket, baseball) point m;
    ∎ to make 10 runs marquer 10 points
    (h) (track → for skiing, bobsleighing) piste f
    (i) (series, sequence) série f, succession f, suite f;
    ∎ they've had a run of ten defeats ils ont connu dix défaites consécutives;
    ∎ the recent run of events la récente série d'événements;
    ∎ a run of bad luck une série ou suite de malheurs;
    ∎ you seem to be having a run of good/bad luck on dirait que la chance est/n'est pas de ton côté en ce moment;
    ∎ the play had a triumphant run on Broadway la pièce a connu un succès triomphal à Broadway;
    ∎ the play had a run of nearly two years la pièce a tenu l'affiche (pendant) presque deux ans;
    ∎ to have a long run (of fashion, person in power) tenir longtemps; (of play) tenir longtemps l'affiche;
    ∎ in the long/short run à long/court terme
    (k) (of product) lot m, série f; (of book) tirage m;
    ∎ a run of fewer than 500 would be uneconomical fabriquer une série de moins de 500 unités ne serait pas rentable
    (l) (general tendency, trend) tendance f;
    ∎ to score against the run of play marquer contre le jeu;
    ∎ I was lucky and got the run of the cards j'avais de la chance, les cartes m'étaient favorables;
    ∎ the usual run of colds and upset stomachs les rhumes et les maux de ventre habituels;
    ∎ she's well above the average or ordinary run of students elle est bien au-dessus de la moyenne des étudiants;
    ∎ the ordinary run of mankind le commun des mortels;
    ∎ in the ordinary run of things normalement, en temps normal;
    ∎ out of the common run hors du commun
    (m) (great demand → on product, currency, Stock Exchange) ruée f (on sur);
    ∎ the heatwave caused a run on suntan cream la vague de chaleur provoqua une ruée sur les crèmes solaires;
    ∎ a run on the banks un retrait massif des dépôts bancaires;
    ∎ Stock Exchange there was a run on the dollar il y a eu une ruée sur le dollar
    (n) (operation → of machine) opération f;
    ∎ computer run passage m machine
    (o) (bid → in election) candidature f;
    ∎ his run for the presidency sa candidature à la présidence
    (p) (ladder → in stocking, tights) échelle f, maille f filée;
    ∎ I've got a run in my tights mon collant est filé
    (q) (enclosure → for animals) enclos m;
    ∎ chicken run poulailler m
    (r) (of salmon) remontée f
    (s) Music roulade f
    (a) (manage → company, office) diriger, gérer; (→ shop, restaurant, club) tenir; (→ theatre) diriger; (→ farm) exploiter; (→ newspaper, magazine) rédiger; (→ house) tenir; (→ country) gouverner, diriger;
    ∎ she runs the bar while her parents are away elle tient le bar pendant l'absence de ses parents;
    ∎ a badly run organization une organisation mal gérée;
    ∎ the library is run by volunteer workers la bibliothèque est tenue par des bénévoles;
    ∎ the farm was too big for him to run alone la ferme était trop grande pour qu'il puisse s'en occuper seul;
    ∎ who's running this outfit? qui est le patron ici?;
    ∎ I wish she'd stop trying to run my life! j'aimerais bien qu'elle arrête de me dire comment vivre ma vie!
    (b) (organize, lay on → service, course, contest) organiser; (→ train, bus) mettre en service;
    ∎ to run a bridge tournament/a raffle organiser un tournoi de bridge/une tombola;
    ∎ they run evening classes in computing ils organisent des cours du soir en informatique;
    ∎ they run extra trains in the summer l'été ils mettent (en service) des trains supplémentaires;
    ∎ several private companies run buses to the airport plusieurs sociétés privées assurent un service d'autobus pour l'aéroport
    (c) (operate → piece of equipment) faire marcher, faire fonctionner; Computing (program) exécuter, faire tourner;
    ∎ you can run it off solar energy/the mains vous pouvez le faire fonctionner à l'énergie solaire/sur secteur;
    ∎ this computer runs most software on peut utiliser la plupart des logiciels sur cet ordinateur;
    ∎ Aviation to run the engines (for checking) faire le point fixe;
    ∎ I can't afford to run a car any more je n'ai plus les moyens d'avoir une voiture;
    ∎ she runs a Porsche elle roule en Porsche
    (d) (conduct → experiment, test) effectuer
    (e) (do or cover at a run → race, distance) courir;
    ∎ to run the marathon courir le marathon;
    ∎ I can still run 2 km in under 7 minutes j'arrive encore à courir ou à couvrir 2 km en moins de 7 minutes;
    ∎ the children were running races les enfants faisaient la course;
    ∎ the race will be run in Paris next year la course aura lieu à Paris l'année prochaine;
    ∎ to run messages or errands faire des commissions ou des courses;
    ∎ he'd run a mile if he saw it il prendrait ses jambes à son cou s'il voyait ça;
    ∎ it looks as if his race is run on dirait qu'il a fait son temps
    ∎ to be run off one's feet être débordé;
    ∎ you're running the poor boy off his feet! le pauvre, tu es en train de l'épuiser!;
    ∎ to run oneself to a standstill courir jusqu'à l'épuisement
    (g) (enter for race → horse, greyhound) faire courir
    (h) (hunt, chase) chasser;
    ∎ to run deer chasser le cerf;
    ∎ the outlaws were run out of town les hors-la-loi furent chassés de la ville
    (i) (transport → goods) transporter; (give lift to → person) conduire, emmener;
    ∎ I'll run you to the bus stop je vais te conduire à l'arrêt de bus;
    ∎ to run sb back home reconduire qn chez lui;
    ∎ I've got to run these boxes over to my new house je dois emporter ces boîtes dans ma nouvelle maison
    (j) (smuggle) faire le trafic de;
    ∎ he's suspected of running drugs/guns il est soupçonné de trafic de drogue/d'armes
    (k) (drive → vehicle) conduire;
    ∎ I ran the car into the driveway j'ai mis la voiture dans l'allée;
    ∎ could you run your car back a bit? pourriez-vous reculer un peu votre voiture?;
    ∎ I ran my car into a lamppost je suis rentré dans un réverbère (avec ma voiture);
    ∎ he tried to run me off the road! il a essayé de me faire sortir de la route!
    (l) (pass, quickly or lightly) passer;
    ∎ he ran his hand through his hair il se passa la main dans les cheveux;
    ∎ he ran a comb through his hair il se donna un coup de peigne;
    ∎ I'll run a duster over the furniture je passerai un coup de chiffon sur les meubles;
    ∎ she ran her hands over the controls elle promena ses mains sur les boutons de commande;
    ∎ she ran her finger down the list/her eye over the text elle parcourut la liste du doigt/le texte des yeux
    ∎ it would be better to run the wires under the floorboards ce serait mieux de faire passer les fils sous le plancher;
    ∎ we could run a cable from the house nous pourrions amener un câble de la maison;
    ∎ run the other end of the rope through the loop passez l'autre bout de la corde dans la boucle
    (n) (go through or past → blockade) forcer; (→ rapids) franchir; American (→ red light) brûler
    (o) (cause to flow) faire couler;
    ∎ run the water into the basin faites couler l'eau dans la cuvette;
    ∎ to run a bath faire couler un bain
    (p) (publish) publier;
    ∎ the local paper is running a series of articles on the scandal le journal local publie une série d'articles sur le scandale;
    ∎ to run an ad (in the newspaper) passer ou faire passer une annonce (dans le journal)
    ∎ they're running a candidate in every constituency ils présentent un candidat dans chaque circonscription
    ∎ to run a temperature or fever avoir de la fièvre
    ∎ to run the danger or risk of doing sth courir le risque de faire qch;
    ∎ you run the risk of a heavy fine vous risquez une grosse amende;
    ∎ do you realize the risks you're running? est-ce que vous réalisez les risques que vous prenez?
    (a) (gen) courir;
    ∎ I run every morning in the park je cours tous les matins dans le parc;
    ∎ to come running towards sb accourir vers qn;
    ∎ they ran out of the house ils sont sortis de la maison en courant;
    ∎ to run upstairs/downstairs monter/descendre l'escalier en courant;
    ∎ I had to run for the train j'ai dû courir pour attraper le train;
    ∎ she ran for the police elle a couru chercher la police;
    ∎ run and fetch me a glass of water cours me chercher un verre d'eau;
    ∎ I'll just run across or round or over to the shop je fais un saut à l'épicerie;
    ∎ to run to meet sb courir ou se précipiter à la rencontre de qn;
    ∎ I've been running all over the place looking for you j'ai couru partout à ta recherche;
    ∎ figurative I didn't expect her to go running to the press with the story je ne m'attendais pas à ce qu'elle coure raconter l'histoire à la presse;
    ∎ don't come running to me with your problems ne viens pas m'embêter avec tes problèmes
    (b) (compete in race) courir; (score in cricket, baseball) marquer;
    ∎ to run in a race (horse, person) participer à une course;
    ∎ there are twenty horses running in the race vingt chevaux participent à la course;
    ∎ she ran for her country in the Olympics elle a couru pour son pays aux jeux Olympiques
    (c) (flee) se sauver, fuir;
    ∎ run for your lives! sauve qui peut!;
    ∎ familiar if the night watchman sees you, run for it! si le veilleur de nuit te voit, tire-toi ou file!;
    ∎ figurative you can't just keep running from your past vous ne pouvez pas continuer à fuir votre passé
    (d) (pass → road, railway, boundary) passer;
    ∎ a tunnel runs under the mountain un tunnel passe sous la montagne;
    ∎ the railway line runs through a valley/over a viaduct le chemin de fer passe dans une vallée/sur un viaduc;
    ∎ the pipes run under the road les tuyaux passent sous la route;
    ∎ the road runs alongside the river/parallel to the coast la route longe la rivière/la côte;
    ∎ hedgerows run between the fields des haies séparent les champs;
    ∎ the road runs due north la route va droit vers le nord;
    ∎ to run north and south être orienté nord-sud;
    ∎ a canal running from London to Birmingham un canal qui va de Londres à Birmingham;
    ∎ a high fence runs around the building une grande barrière fait le tour du bâtiment;
    ∎ the lizard has red markings running down its back le dos du lézard est zébré de rouge;
    ∎ the line of print ran off the page la ligne a débordé de la feuille;
    ∎ figurative our lives seem to be running in different directions il semble que nos vies prennent des chemins différents
    (e) (move, go → ball, vehicle) rouler; (slip, slide → rope, cable) filer;
    ∎ the pram ran down the hill out of control le landau a dévalé la côte;
    ∎ the tram runs on special tracks le tramway roule sur des rails spéciaux;
    ∎ the crane runs on rails la grue se déplace sur des rails;
    ∎ the piano runs on casters le piano est monté sur (des) roulettes;
    ∎ the truck ran off the road le camion a quitté la route;
    ∎ let the cord run through your hands laissez la corde filer entre vos mains;
    ∎ his fingers ran over the controls ses doigts se promenèrent sur les boutons de commande;
    ∎ her eyes ran down the list elle parcourut la liste des yeux;
    ∎ a shiver ran down my spine un frisson me parcourut le dos;
    ∎ his thoughts ran to that hot August day in Paris cette chaude journée d'août à Paris lui revint à l'esprit
    (f) (words, text)
    ∎ how does that last verse run? c'est quoi la dernière strophe?;
    ∎ their argument or reasoning runs something like this voici plus ou moins leur raisonnement;
    ∎ the conversation ran something like this voilà en gros ce qui s'est dit
    (g) (spread → rumour, news) se répandre
    (h) (flow → river, water, tap, nose) couler;
    ∎ let the water run until it's hot laisse couler l'eau jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit chaude;
    ∎ the water's run cold l'eau est froide au robinet;
    ∎ you've let the water run cold tu as laissé couler l'eau trop longtemps, elle est devenue froide;
    ∎ your bath is running ton bain est en train de couler;
    ∎ your nose is running tu as le nez qui coule;
    ∎ the cold made our eyes run le froid nous piquait les yeux;
    ∎ the hot water runs along/down this pipe l'eau chaude passe/descend dans ce tuyau;
    ∎ their faces were running with sweat leurs visages ruisselaient de transpiration;
    ∎ tears ran down her face des larmes coulaient sur son visage;
    ∎ the streets were running with blood le sang coulait dans les rues;
    ∎ the river ran red with blood les eaux de la rivière étaient rouges de sang;
    ∎ the Jari runs into the Amazon le Jari se jette dans l'Amazone
    (i) (butter, ice cream, wax) fondre; (cheese) couler; (paint) goutter;
    ∎ her mascara had run son mascara avait coulé
    (j) (in wash → colour, fabric) déteindre;
    ∎ wash that dress separately, the colour might run lave cette robe à part, elle pourrait déteindre
    (k) (operate → engine, machine, business) marcher, fonctionner;
    ∎ to run on or off electricity/gas/diesel fonctionner à l'électricité/au gaz/au diesel;
    ∎ this machine runs off the mains cet appareil se branche sur (le) secteur;
    ∎ the tape recorder was still running le magnétophone était encore en marche;
    ∎ leave the engine running laissez tourner le moteur;
    ∎ the engine is running smoothly le moteur tourne rond;
    ∎ the new assembly line is up and running la nouvelle chaîne de montage est en service;
    ∎ Computing do not interrupt the program while it is running ne pas interrompre le programme en cours d'exécution;
    ∎ Computing this software runs on DOS ce logiciel tourne sous DOS;
    ∎ Computing running at… cadencé à…;
    ∎ figurative everything is running smoothly tout marche très bien
    ∎ this train doesn't run/only runs on Sundays ce train ne circule pas/ne circule que le dimanche;
    ∎ some bus lines run all night certaines lignes d'autobus sont en service toute la nuit;
    ∎ the buses stop running at midnight après minuit il n'y a plus de bus;
    ∎ trains running between London and Manchester trains qui circulent entre Londres et Manchester;
    ∎ trains running to Calais are cancelled les trains à destination de Calais sont annulés;
    ∎ he took the tube that runs through Clapham il prit la ligne de métro qui passe par Clapham
    (m) (last) durer; (be valid → contract) être ou rester valide; (→ agreement) être ou rester en vigueur; Finance (→ interest) courir;
    ∎ the sales run from the beginning to the end of January les soldes durent du début à la fin janvier;
    ∎ the sales have only another two days to run il ne reste que deux jours de soldes;
    ∎ the meeting ran for an hour longer than expected la réunion a duré une heure de plus que prévu;
    ∎ I'd like the ad to run for a week je voudrais que l'annonce passe pendant une semaine;
    ∎ the lease has another year to run le bail n'expire pas avant un an;
    ∎ your subscription will run for two years votre abonnement sera valable deux ans;
    ∎ interest runs from 1 January les intérêts courent à partir du 1er janvier
    (n) Cinema & Theatre (be performed → play, film) être à l'affiche;
    ∎ the play has been running for a year la pièce est à l'affiche depuis un an;
    ∎ the film is currently running in Hull le film est actuellement sur les écrans à Hull;
    ∎ his new musical should run and run! sa nouvelle comédie musicale devrait tenir l'affiche pendant des mois!;
    ∎ Television this soap opera has been running for twenty years ça fait vingt ans que ce feuilleton est diffusé;
    ∎ America's longest-running TV series la plus longue série télévisée américaine
    (o) (occur → inherited trait, illness)
    ∎ twins run in our family les jumeaux sont courants dans la famille;
    ∎ heart disease runs in the family les maladies cardiaques sont fréquentes dans notre famille
    (p) (range) aller;
    ∎ the colours run from dark blue to bright green les couleurs vont du bleu foncé au vert vif
    ∎ to run high (sea) être grosse ou houleuse;
    ∎ feelings or tempers were running high les esprits étaient échauffés;
    ∎ their ammunition was running low ils commençaient à manquer de munitions;
    ∎ our stores are running low nos provisions s'épuisent ou tirent à leur fin;
    ∎ he's running scared il a la frousse;
    ∎ to be running late être en retard, avoir du retard;
    ∎ programmes are running ten minutes late les émissions ont toutes dix minutes de retard;
    ∎ sorry I can't stop, I'm running a bit late désolé, je ne peux pas rester, je suis un peu en retard;
    ∎ events are running in our favour les événements tournent en notre faveur;
    ∎ inflation was running at 18 percent le taux d'inflation était de 18 pour cent
    (r) (be candidate, stand) se présenter;
    ∎ to run for president or the presidency se présenter aux élections présidentielles, être candidat aux élections présidentielles ou à la présidence;
    ∎ to run for office se porter candidat;
    ∎ she's running on a law-and-order ticket elle se présente aux élections avec un programme basé sur la lutte contre l'insécurité;
    ∎ he ran against Reagan in 1984 il s'est présenté contre Reagan en 1984
    (s) (drive) faire un tour ou une promenade;
    ∎ why don't we run down to the coast/up to London? si on faisait un tour jusqu'à la mer/jusqu'à Londres?
    ∎ to run (before the wind) filer vent arrière;
    ∎ to run aground échouer; figurative (project, plan) capoter
    (u) (ladder → stocking, tights) filer
    (v) (salmon) remonter les rivières
    (w) (tide) monter
    British courir (çà et là);
    ∎ I've been running about all day looking for you! j'ai passé ma journée à te chercher partout!
    (meet → acquaintance) rencontrer par hasard, tomber sur; (find → book, reference) trouver par hasard, tomber sur
    traverser en courant
    also figurative courir après;
    ∎ it's not like her to run after a man ce n'est pas son genre de courir après un homme;
    ∎ she spends half her life running after her kids elle passe son temps à être derrière les enfants;
    ∎ he's got all these assistants running after him the whole time il a tout un tas d'assistants qui passent sans arrêt derrière ce qu'il fait
    (go away) s'en aller, partir;
    ∎ it's getting late, I must be running along il se fait tard, il faut que j'y aille;
    ∎ run along to bed now, children! allez les enfants, au lit maintenant!
    (a) (from place to place) courir (çà et là)□ ;
    ∎ I've been running around all day looking for you! j'ai passé ma journée à te chercher partout!□
    (b) (be unfaithful → husband) courir après les femmes; (→ wife) courir après les hommes;
    ∎ he was sure his wife was running around il était sûr que sa femme le trompait□
    familiar (be friendly with) fréquenter□ ; (have affair with) sortir avec□ ;
    ∎ he's always running around with other women il est toujours en train de courir après d'autres femmes
    (a) (flee) se sauver, s'enfuir;
    ∎ their son has run away from home leur fils a fait une fugue;
    ∎ I'll be with you in a minute, don't run away je serai à toi dans un instant, ne te sauve pas;
    ∎ run away and play now, children allez jouer ailleurs, les enfants;
    ∎ figurative to run away from one's responsibilities fuir ses responsabilités;
    ∎ to run away from the facts se refuser à l'évidence
    (b) (elope) partir
    ∎ he ran away with his best friend's wife il est parti avec la femme de son meilleur ami;
    ∎ he ran away with the takings il est parti avec la caisse
    ∎ she tends to let her imagination run away with her elle a tendance à se laisser emporter par son imagination
    (c) (get → idea)
    ∎ don't go running away with the idea or the notion that it will be easy n'allez pas vous imaginer que ce sera facile
    (d) (win → race, match) emporter haut la main; (→ prize) remporter;
    ∎ they ran away with nearly all the medals ils ont remporté presque toutes les médailles
    (a) (drive back) raccompagner (en voiture);
    ∎ she ran me back home elle m'a ramené ou raccompagné chez moi en voiture;
    ∎ he ran me back on his motorbike il m'a raccompagné en moto
    (b) (rewind → tape, film) rembobiner
    (a) (return) retourner ou revenir en courant;
    ∎ familiar to come running back (errant husband etc) revenir□
    ∎ to run back over sth passer qch en revue
    ∎ to run sth by sb (submit) soumettre qch à qn;
    ∎ you'd better run that by the committee vous feriez mieux de demander l'avis du comité;
    ∎ run that by me again répétez-moi ça
    (a) (reduce, diminish → gen) réduire; (→ number of employees) diminuer; (→ stocks) laisser s'épuiser; (→ industry, factory) fermer progressivement;
    ∎ they are running down their military presence in Africa ils réduisent leur présence militaire en Afrique;
    ∎ the government was accused of running down the steel industry le gouvernement a été accusé de laisser dépérir la sidérurgie;
    ∎ you've run the battery down vous avez déchargé la pile; (of car) vous avez vidé ou déchargé la batterie, vous avez mis la batterie à plat
    (b) familiar (criticize, denigrate) rabaisser□ ;
    ∎ they're always running her friends down ils passent leur temps à dire du mal de ou à dénigrer ses amis□ ;
    ∎ stop running yourself down all the time cesse de te rabaisser constamment
    (c) (in car → pedestrian, animal) renverser, écraser;
    ∎ he was run down by a bus il s'est fait renverser par un bus
    (d) (track down → animal, criminal) (traquer et) capturer; (→ person, object) dénicher;
    ∎ I finally ran down the reference in the library j'ai fini par dénicher la référence à la bibliothèque
    (a) (person) descendre en courant
    (b) (clock, machine) s'arrêter; (battery → through use) s'user; (→ through a fault) se décharger;
    ∎ the batteries in the radio are beginning to run down les piles de la radio commencent à être usées
    ➲ run in
    (a) British (car, engine) roder
    (a) (person) entrer en courant
    (b) British (car, engine)
    ∎ running in en rodage
    (a) (encounter → problem, difficulty) rencontrer
    (b) (meet → acquaintance) rencontrer (par hasard), tomber sur;
    ∎ to run into debt faire des dettes, s'endetter
    (c) (collide with → of car, driver) percuter, rentrer dans;
    ∎ I ran into a lamppost je suis rentrée dans un réverbère;
    ∎ you should be more careful, you nearly ran into me! tu devrais faire attention, tu as failli me rentrer dedans!
    (d) (amount to) s'élever à;
    ∎ debts running into millions of dollars des dettes qui s'élèvent à des millions de dollars;
    ∎ takings run into five figures la recette atteint les cinq chiffres
    (e) (merge into) se fondre dans, se confondre avec;
    ∎ the red runs into orange le rouge devient orange;
    ∎ the words began to run into each other before my eyes les mots commençaient à se confondre devant mes yeux
    ➲ run off
    (a) (print) tirer, imprimer; (photocopy) photocopier;
    ∎ run me off five copies of this report faites-moi cinq copies de ce rapport
    (c) Sport (race) disputer;
    ∎ the heats will be run off tomorrow les éliminatoires se disputeront demain
    (d) (lose → excess weight, fat) perdre en courant
    (e) (liquid) laisser s'écouler
    (a) (flee) se sauver, s'enfuir;
    ∎ I'll be with you in a minute, don't run off je serai à toi dans un instant, ne te sauve pas
    (b) (liquid) s'écouler
    ➲ run on
    (lines of writing) ne pas découper en paragraphes; (letters, words) ne pas séparer, lier
    (a) (continue) continuer, durer; (drag on) s'éterniser;
    ∎ the play ran on for hours la pièce a duré des heures;
    ∎ the discussion ran on for an extra hour la discussion a duré une heure de plus que prévu
    (b) familiar (talk non-stop) parler sans cesse□ ;
    ∎ he does run on rather quand il est parti celui-là, il ne s'arrête plus;
    ∎ he can run on for hours if you let him si tu le laisses faire il peut tenir le crachoir pendant des heures
    (c) (line of text) suivre sans alinéa; (verse) enjamber
    ➲ run out
    (a) (cable, rope) laisser filer
    ∎ to run a batsman out mettre un batteur hors jeu
    (a) (person, animal) sortir en courant; (liquid) s'écouler
    (b) (be used up → supplies, money etc) s'épuiser, (venir à) manquer; (→ time) filer;
    ∎ hurry up, time is running out! dépêchez-vous, il ne reste plus beaucoup de temps!;
    ∎ their luck finally ran out la chance a fini par tourner, leur chance n'a pas duré
    (c) (expire → contract, passport, agreement) expirer, venir à expiration
    manquer de;
    ∎ we're running out of ammunition nous commençons à manquer de munitions;
    ∎ we're running out of sugar nous allons nous trouver à court de sucre;
    ∎ he's run out of money il n'a plus d'argent;
    ∎ to run out of patience être à bout de patience;
    ∎ to run out of petrol tomber en panne d'essence
    (spouse, colleague) laisser tomber, abandonner;
    ∎ she ran out on her husband elle a quitté son mari;
    ∎ his assistants all ran out on him ses assistants l'ont tous abandonné ou laissé tomber
    (pedestrian, animal) écraser;
    ∎ I nearly got run over j'ai failli me faire écraser;
    ∎ he's been run over il s'est fait écraser;
    ∎ the car ran over his legs la voiture lui est passé sur les jambes
    (a) (review) revoir; (rehearse) répéter; (recap) récapituler;
    ∎ let's run over the arguments one more time before the meeting reprenons les arguments une dernière fois avant la réunion;
    ∎ could you run over the main points for us? pourriez-vous nous récapituler les principaux points?
    ∎ to run over the allotted time excéder le temps imparti
    (a) (overflow) déborder;
    ∎ literary my cup runneth over je nage dans le bonheur;
    ∎ to run over with energy/enthusiasm déborder d'énergie/d'enthousiasme
    (b) (run late) dépasser l'heure; Radio & Television dépasser le temps d'antenne, déborder sur le temps d'antenne;
    ∎ the programme ran over by twenty minutes l'émission a dépassé son temps d'antenne de vingt minutes
    passer en courant
    (a) (cross → of person) traverser en courant;
    ∎ figurative money runs through his fingers like water l'argent lui brûle les doigts
    (b) (pervade → of thought, feeling)
    ∎ a strange idea ran through my mind une idée étrange m'a traversé l'esprit;
    ∎ a thrill of excitement ran through her un frisson d'émotion la parcourut;
    ∎ an angry murmur ran through the crowd des murmures de colère parcoururent la foule;
    ∎ his words kept running through my head ses paroles ne cessaient de retentir dans ma tête;
    ∎ an air of melancholy runs through the whole film une atmosphère de mélancolie imprègne tout le film
    (c) (review) revoir; (rehearse) répéter; (recap) récapituler;
    ∎ she ran through the arguments in her mind elle repassa les arguments dans sa tête;
    ∎ let's just run through the procedure one more time reprenons une dernière fois la marche à suivre;
    ∎ I'll run through your speech with you je vous ferai répéter votre discours
    (d) (read quickly) parcourir (des yeux), jeter un coup d'œil sur
    (e) (use up → money) dépenser; (→ case of wine, coffee) consommer; (squander → fortune) gaspiller;
    ∎ he runs through a dozen shirts a week il lui faut une douzaine de chemises par semaine
    ∎ to run sb through (with a sword) transpercer qn (d'un coup d'épée)
    (a) (amount to) se chiffrer à;
    ∎ her essay ran to twenty pages sa dissertation faisait vingt pages
    (b) British (afford, be enough for)
    ∎ your salary should run to a new computer ton salaire devrait te permettre d'acheter un nouvel ordinateur;
    ∎ the budget won't run to champagne le budget ne nous permet pas d'acheter du champagne
    ➲ run up
    (a) (debt, bill) laisser s'accumuler;
    ∎ I've run up a huge overdraft j'ai un découvert énorme
    (b) (flag) hisser
    (c) (sew quickly) coudre rapidement ou à la hâte
    (climb rapidly) monter en courant; (approach) approcher en courant;
    ∎ a young man ran up to me un jeune homme s'approcha de moi en courant
    (encounter) se heurter à;
    ∎ we've run up against some problems nous nous sommes heurtés à quelques problèmes

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > run

  • 2 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

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